Chapter+2+Key+Concepts

==== Weathering: They are two basic steps of weathering. One is physical weathering is when lots of rocks are been physicaly broken down into smaller pieces. The next one would be chemical weathering which would be when it changes the chemical makeup of rocks. ==== ==== Wind Erosion: Erosion is when there is a movement of dust, sand, and soil from one place to another. Plant help the land from wind erosion, but in dry spaces where they are no trees nor plants it picks up the large amount of soil and blows it away. This benefits because it can also turn the soil into a mineral-rich soil. ==== ==== Groundwater: Is freshwater that lies beneath the Earth's surface, it usually comes from rain and melted snow. Under that there is a porous which is a rock layer often saturtated by slow flows of water. ==== Water, Land, and Air – Most of the Earth’s surface is made up of land and water. About 70% of the earth is water, oceans, lakes, rivers, and other water bodies that make up that 70% called the hydrosphere.

Folds and Faults – A lot of the times the Earth’s surface buckles until it breaks. This is called folding, or bending in layers of rock. In different times, the plates can grind and slide past each other, creating cracks in the surface of the Earth.

Volcanic Eruptions – Volcanoes are pretty much made up of lava and magma. They also often rise along boundaries where plates meet other plates, called the Ring of Fire. === ﻿__Oceans__ __-__ About 97% of the Earth's water consists of a huge, continuous body of water that circles the planet. Geographers divide this enormous expanse into five oceans: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Artic, and the Southern. As one of the world's largest seas, the Mediterranean Sea is almost entirely encircled by southern Europe, nothern Africa, and southwestern Asia. The Gulf of Mexico is also a big body of water. === ===__ Ground Water- __ Groundwater is freshwater that lies beneath the Earth's surface, comes from rain and melted snow that filter through the soil and from water that seeps into the ground from lakes and rivers. Wells and springs tap into groundwater and are importantsources of freshwater for people in many rural areas and in some cities. === ===__ Water Erosion __ - Water erosion begins when springwater and rainwater flow downhill in streams, cutting into the land, and wearing away the soil and rock. The resulting sediment grinds away the surface of rocks along the stream's path. Over time, the eroding action of water forms first a gully and then a V- shaped valley. Sometimes valleys are eroded even further to form canyons. The Grand Canyon is an example of the eroding power of water. ===